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Compare Paracel Islands (2001) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

Compare Paracel Islands (2001) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

 Paracel Islands (2001)Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)
 Paracel IslandsFalkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Administrative divisions - none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure - 0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products - fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports 1 (2000 est.) 5 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total: 2 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 3 3


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Area total:
NA sq km

land:
NA sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total: 12,173 sq km


land: 12,173 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative NA slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background This archipelago is surrounded by productive fishing grounds and potentially large oil reserves. In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on Prattle Island; maintenance was continued by its successor Vietnam. China has occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops captured a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands. However, the islands are still claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan. Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate - NA births/1,000 population
Budget - revenues: $66.2 million


expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million
Capital - Stanley
Climate tropical cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline 518 km 1,288 km
Constitution - 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Paracel Islands		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency - Falkland pound (FKP)
Death rate - NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external - $NA
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US - none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international occupied by China, but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam claimed by Argentina
Economic aid - recipient - none
Economy - overview China announced plans in 1997 to open the islands for tourism. The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. The second largest source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption - 11.2 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 12 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Rocky Island 14 m		 lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues NA overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Ethnic groups - British
Exchange rates - Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch - chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive A. M. GURR (since NA); Financial Secretary D. F. HOWATT (since NA)


cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports - $7.6 million (1995)
Exports - commodities - wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners - UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description - blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP - purchasing power parity - $52 million (1996 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $19,000
GDP - real growth rate - 1%
Geographic coordinates 16 30 N, 112 00 E 51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note - deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Highways - total: 550 km


paved: at least 50 km


unpaved: NA (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - $24.7 million (1995)
Imports - commodities - fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners - UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Independence - none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - wool and fish processing; sale of stamps and coins; tourism
Infant mortality rate - NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 3.6% (1998) (1998)
International organization participation - ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1993) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force - 1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100%		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)
Languages - English
Legal system - English common law
Legislative branch - unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor


elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Life expectancy at birth - total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
Location Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references Southeast Asia South America
Maritime claims NA continental shelf: 200 NM


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2002 est.)
Military - note occupied by China defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches - British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday - Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality - noun: Falkland Islander(s)


adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards typhoons strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources none fish, wildlife
Net migration rate - NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders - none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders - none
Population no indigenous inhabitants

note:
there are scattered Chinese garrisons (July 2001 est.)		 2,967 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 2.44% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and Duncan Island being expanded Stanley
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 1,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: NA


domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use - NA
Telephones - mobile cellular - NA
Television broadcast stations - 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service)


note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Terrain mostly low and flat rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate - NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate - full employment; labor shortage
Waterways none none
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